定语从句解读(定语从句的知识点总结)
这篇与我以前发的《极简英语语法,一图囊括所有》相映衬,是在其中一个支系的详细说明。
简单句,是三种从句句式之一,在总平面图中的部位以下:
先行词:被定语从句装饰的专有名词,或代词,或语句
关系词:关系代词或关系副词,that ,which,who,whose等,代指先行词,在从句中当做成份。
从句:起叙述或限制功效
他是必须协助的人。
最简方式是简单句He is the man,从句who needs help作定语装饰the man。
你一直在网上买的书明日到
最简方式是 The book will arrive, 从句that your ordered online装饰the book作定语。
1.1 关系代词定语从句
1.1.1 关系代词特点
替代的先行词是人或物的专有名词或代词
在句中当做主语、宾语、定语等成份
关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的尊称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1.1.1 指人:who, whom, that, whose
He is the man who/that wants to see you.
The man whom I want to see is him.
She was the girl whom/that I saw in the restaurant.
A child whose father is lazy will be raised through widowed parenting. 有懒爸爸的小孩会被丧偶式育儿养大。
I, from whom you will learn a lot, is a self-employed person. 我,一个使你未来学好很多东西的人,是一名自由职业。
You are no longer the man that you used to be. 你不会再是吴下阿蒙。
1.1.2 指物: which, that, whose, of which
He lives in a villa whose history is longer than his father. 他住在一座年纪比他爸爸还大的老独栋别墅里
Above the the mountains are the clouds, whose exquisiteness is faithfully reflected by the lake. 山顶有星,其精美被水面忠实地展现。
This is the pen whose owner is a talented student. 便是这支笔,它的主人家是尖子生。
This is the pen (which) you want. 在从句中做宾语,可省去。
This ship in which we crossed the strait is broken. 大家搭乘过亚欧的船是艘破船。
The picture which is taken by me is professional. 我拍出来的相片很技术专业。
1.1.3 独特使用 ***
1.1.3.1 只有用that 不能用which
先行词为everything, anything,all,little,much等不定代词时;
Everything (that) the light touches is our kingdom. 凡太阳能映照的地方,就是大家的国家。
Is there anything that I can do for you?
Jenny told her mother all that had happened.
先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last装饰时;
The only thing I expect of you is to love, and be loved in return.
先行词被序数词或修饰词更高级别装饰时;
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.
This is the first time that she love a boy so deep.
先行词有些人又有物时;
There are 网people and goods and plane that can be transported to the recipient 20 minutes after the plane was landed. 飞机场运输的人与货品可在二十分钟内被装运至接待办。
当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the girl that won the champion?
1.1.3.2 不能用that,只有用which
代词外置时;
This is the teacher the son of whom is a famous doctor. 这就是孩子是名医的这位教师。
China has many islands, the second largest of which is Hainan Island. 我国许多海岛,在其中第二大的是海南。
Is that the new media for which you often write articles?这就是你常常文章投稿的互联网媒体吗?
非限制网性定语从句中
先行词自身是that
The clock is that which tells the time,时钟是用于表示时间的。
The knife is that which is used to kill. 小刀是用于屠戮的。
1.2 关系副词定语从句
1.2.1 where =at, in, on which
Beijing is the place where (in which) the capital of China is.
He want to find the place where he worked 10 years ago.
1.2.1 why=for which
This is the reason why (for which) he refused our offer.
I do not know the reason why he failed.
1.2.3 when=during, in, on which
By the time you arrive, we had waited for you for 2 hours. You are so late!
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 有时候你迫不得已妥协。
I still remember the time when I met her for the first time. She was so young and so beautiful. 还记得小苹初遇,两重心点字罗衣。
Every time when you go away, you take a piece of me with you. 歌曲歌词
2.1 限定性定语从句
2.1.1 特性
从句对被装饰的先行词有限制牵制功效,使本词的含意更实际,更确立。
不可以被省去,不然句意也不详细
绝大多数定语从句全是限定性的
2.2.2 词组
This is the boy you are looking for.
I lost my heart in the girl in which I fall in love last time.
She was the girl whom/that I saw in the restaurant.
Here is somebody who wants to speak to you.
2.2 非限定性定语从句
2.2.1 特性
解释说明功效
从句被省去后,句意详细
2.2.2 词组
I like singing for the very reason that(for which) she dis网likes it. 我喜欢唱歌,根据一样的缘故,她讨厌。
He has a brother who works in Google. 他有一个在Google工作中的弟兄。(大家不清楚他几个弟兄,可是毫无疑问有一个在Google工作中,补充说明)
His wife, who loved him very much, went to see him. 他的老婆,爱她至深,赶过去看他。
An loquat tree in the yard, which I planted in the year my wife died, is like a canopy now. 庭有枇杷树,吾妻死之时所手植也,今已亭亭如盖矣
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